Gastric Sleeve surgery, also referred to as Sleeve Gastrectomy, is primarily performed to remove about 85% of the stomach. The rest 15% of the original capacity of the stomach is left for shaping in the form of a sleeve. By restricting the amount of food the stomach can hold. No foreign objects are required, therefore a patient recovers in a relatively short hospital stay.
The purpose of this procedure is to separate the stomach into two unequal sections. Only 5 percent of the stomach area is left for food consumption. The food gets emptied from this small stomach pocket in the upper intestine at the time of digestion. This procedure creates 60 to 80 per cent excess weight loss.
Just like gastric bypass surgery, Biliopancreatic diversion also creates a smaller stomach. In this, ingested food is not fully absorbed in the intestine. This surgery is specifically for people who are more than severely obese. Super obesity means that BMI (body mass index) is 50 or higher.
After surgery, the patient will feel full more quickly than when the stomach was its original size. This reduces the amount of food the patient will want to eat. Bypassing part of the intestine also means that fewer calories are absorbed. This leads to weight loss. Most surgeons will not perform perform the surgery except in super obesity.
This surgery is an easily recovering short procedure. Around the stomach’s upper part, an inflatable band is used that divides the stomach into two unequal parts. The stomach’s upper part is treated as a new stomach and the food intake is restricted and promotes the weight loss.
A laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, commonly called a lap-band, is an inflatable silicone device placed around the top portion of the stomach to treat obesity, intended to slow consumption of food and thus reduce the amount of food consumed.
SILS is the next generation of laparoscopy, where the access is only through a single port instead of multiple ports. This utilizes new specialized port and roticulator instruments thus making the procedure literally scarless as it will be buried inside the belly button. This procedure though consumes more time, gives early post-operative recovery with less pain than in conventional laparoscopy thus making it a treatment of choice for patients.
There are numerous endoscopic treatment for obese patients. Endoluminal bariatric weight loss surgery is gaining popularity as well, with up to 40% reduction in excess weight loss and around 60 % resolution of co-morbidities. Few of the available procedures include intragastric balloon, primary gastroplasty, and outlet reduction for failed gastric bypass, pouch creation, and endo-barrier bypass sleeve.
Restrictive Procedure – The Lap Gastric Band
The surgery is primarily performed for decreasing the amount of food consumption at a time. The purpose is to create restriction so that a person feels satisfied with little amounts of food. Due to smaller outlet, the food remains in the stomach for a long time. The idea is to decrease daily calorie intake without a feeling of deprivation.The benefits of gastric band include –
This procedure helps in altering the digestion. The length of the intestine is reduced by using Malabsorptive techniques. When the food comes in contact with the intestine, fewer calories are absorbed. Roux-en-Y is regarded as the gold standard procedure for weight loss surgery.
Duodenal switch, also known as biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, or vertical gastrectomy, is an effective weight loss procedure. This procedure provides long-term weight loss for those people who are severely obese. The duodenal surgery basically limits the amount of food that a stomach can hold and number of calories that can be easily absorbed by the body.
Malabsorptive and restrictive procedure components are combined by the duodenal switch procedure. The purpose is to provide maximum and quick weight loss results that can be maintained for a long period of time.
Malabsorptive: The portions of the small intestine are re-routed in the malabsorptive component of the duodenal switch method. This re-routing is done for creating 2 separate pathways through the duodenum into the lower part of the small intestine. The aim of this method is to decrease the quantity of calories that a body can absorb. This is done by restricting the food and seeing how long it can mix with digestive juices before moving into the large intestine.
Restrictive: During the initial part of the duodenal surgery, there is a removal of the outer curvature of the stomach. The rest remaining part of the stomach is shaped into a slim and long sleeve called as vertical sleeve gastrectomy. The vertical sleeve gastrectomy maintains the pyloric valve in its place that is not possible in other gastrectomies. This is done for controlling the movement of the food into the small intestine that removes the risk of dumping syndrome in a patient. This procedure also keeps away other complications of stoma closure and blockages.
Some of its benefits include –
The surgery is regarded as one of the newer types of Bariatic surgery and is one of the options for those people who are not suitable to have any other Bariatric surgery procedure.
Gastric Sleeve surgery is also medically referred to as Sleeve Gastrectomy, Gastric Sleeve Resection, Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy, Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy and Tube Gastrectomy. This type of weight loss surgery works by limiting the quantity of food the stomach can hold. The surgery also removes the hormone Ghrelin which is responsible for causing hunger.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery or Open Sleeve Gastrectomy is weight loss non- reversible procedure that decreases the size of the stomach by 85%. The weight loss done in this procedure is entirely through decreased food intake. It limits the calorie intake and the amount of food that can be consumed by removing 80-90% of the stomach. A small sleeve shaped stomach is created by the surgeon. This procedure is relatively simpler than the gastric bypass procedure as there is no reconnection or re-routing of the intestines.
There are less chances of stomach expansion over the time as compared to other Bariatric surgeries. The procedure preserves the function of the stomach. Unlike the Lap-Band surgery, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy does not involve the use of banding device. In the first year after surgery, the patient can lose about 45-55 % of excess weight.
The duodenal switch, also referred to as Biliopancreatic Diversion and DS, is a kind of restrictive and malabsorptive weight loss surgery. The procedure can reduce the number of calorie intake as well as the quantity of food. It unites the formation of a moderately sized stomach pouch through bypassing a part of the small intestine. As a result of this, a patient loses weight without making changes to their eating habits. In this procedure, the stomach can hold 5-6 ounces of food as compared with other procedures that can hold 1 half to 1 full ounce.
This type of procedure is meant for severely obese people who have made countless unsuccessful efforts in order to reduce their weight such as dieting, proper eating plans and regular physical exercise. The candidates for this procedure are those who have a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 40. Sometimes this surgery is the only option for morbid obesity. This procedure can also be combined with a malabsorptive operation where the food is diverted from the stomach that passed much of the small intestine. This leads to rapid weight loss.
Gastric bypass surgery is a type of Bariatric surgery. The procedure of gastric bypass surgery has been specifically designed for reducing the food intake for those who have failed to reduce their weight by every means. The purpose of the procedure is to make changes in the digestive system so as to limit the consumption of food. The procedure can improve the overall quality of life not only in terms of appearance but also reduce a number of health problems that overweight people are prone to suffer like heart problems and diabetes.
Biliopancreatic Diversion Bypass: This technique is less common and where the bypass is attached to the distal illium and the portion of the stomach is removed. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: This technique is more common than Biliopancreatic diversion bypass. Roux-en-Y technique does not remove any portions of the stomach. The technique is performed with the help of open surgery by making 1 long incision. The technique can also be done laparoscopically and multiple smaller incisions are used instead of one long incision. The surgeon inserts a laparoscopic instrument in order to view the abdomen from within.
Mini Gastric Bypass Surgery (MGB) is a very successful, inexpensive, short and simple technique in weight loss surgery. This low-risk procedure involves minimal pain and has proved as the best procedure for long-term weight loss. The surgery cuts down the hunger by more than half in comparison to the band that leaves patients vomiting and hungry whenever they eat healthy food. The MGB procedure takes about 40 minutes to complete and involves less recovery time along with a shorter stay at the hospital. The benefits of MGB include –
Gastric sleeve surgery also referred to as sleeve gastrectomy, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and sleeve resection, is regarded as the newer type of Bariatric surgery. The purpose of this surgery is to limit the amount of food that a stomach can hold. The other purpose is to remove a portion of the stomach that produces the hormone known as Ghrelin (a hormone that causes hunger). The sleeve gastrectomy is regarded as the best alternative to duodenal switch surgery or gastric bypass surgery. The procedure can also be done laparoscopically.
The surgery is specifically designed for supporting an obese patient with weight control. From the existing stomach, a small pouch is created and is attached to the small intestine. This small pouch can hold only 1-2 ounces of food due to the reduced size of the stomach. The food then passes from this pouch and goes directly into the intestine. The pouch fills with food quickly and on the other hand, it empties gradually. A person feels satisfied even after consuming a very less quantity of food. The end result is the intake of fewer calories over the entire day that ultimately leads to weight loss in the long run.
After the surgery, the stay in the hospital is about 2-3 days and in the case of the laparoscopic procedure, the stay is about 1-2 days. Normally, the recovery period is about 5 weeks.
The gastric banding procedure is one of the least invasive approaches for treating obesity. The procedure is done laparoscopically where a laparoscopic band (a type of plastic band) is used. A part of the stomach is sectioned off by using a laparoscopic band and helps in creating a small upper pouch.
The food gets restricted as the pouch is very small. The food continues to be digested by the process of absorption and normal digestion. The effect of gastric banding can be for achieved for a long term period by digesting the food slowly, limiting the amount of food and reducing the daily appetite consumption.
The adjustable gastric banding procedure only decreases the food intake without interfering the normal digestive process. A band is placed around the upper part of the stomach so as to dissect the stomach in 2 parts- a small portion and the other a relatively larger portion. The purpose of creating separate large and small portions is to allow the stomach to hold 1 ounce of food. From the small pouch, the food in the stomach empties into the closed-off portion of the stomach. The food then resumes its normal digestive process.
The procedure involves not a single staple. The diameter of the band can be adjusted by removing or adding the saline water. After some time the pouch can expand for holding 2-3 ounces of food. The digestion remains normal as part of the stomach is removed.
LAGB (Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding) is the minimally invasive procedure for obesity. The procedure is also commonly known as ‘Lap Band’. The procedure is performed by making small abdominal cuts of about 1 cm. No large cut is made in this procedure. A laparoscope is placed through these cuts. The band is then placed around the top portion of the stomach leaving a small pouch for food. The purpose of creating a small pouch of food is that the patient will feel full after eating only small amounts of food. This procedure will help the patient to lose weight.
The concern of hypnotherapy is to deal with any psychological and emotional issues caused to an individual who have started eating a large amount of food. The hypnotherapy helps in eliminating over eating so that a person can maintain a healthy lifestyle even after years of early hypnotherapy treatment.
The procedure of gastric band hypnotherapy uses techniques of Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP), hypnotherapy and also Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The procedure of hypnotherapy is cost effective and safe. Gastric band hypnotherapy has proved as the best alternative to traditional gastric band surgery.
Vertical gastric banding, also referred to as sleeve Gastroplasty and stomach stapling, is a procedure where the amount of food consumed is decreased so that a person feels full before consuming more food. This restrictive weight loss surgery joins every aspect of gastric banding and stomach stapling procedures.
The procedure first limits the size of the meals to one ounce by isolating a small section of the stomach that processes food. The procedure then slows down the digestion process in order to force the food to pass from a restrictive ring. The success of this procedure can only be achieved if the patient is intended to make radical changes in their lifestyle and food intake.