The reconstructive surgery is performed on the abnormal structures of the body. Corrections are made to defects caused by congenital defects, trauma, infection, developmental abnormalities, tumors or disease. The main purpose of this surgery is to improve function but it can be used to approximate a normal appearance. Some of the surgeries are –
If your appearance seems lacking somehow due to factors such as a large nose, wrinkles or fat around your belly or hips, cosmetic surgery provides the needful solutions. Form removing signs of ageing, enhancing beauty and remove any blemish, cosmetic surgery has become the latest trend to achieve flawless genes.
Cosmetic surgery is performed on normal, healthy body parts in order to improve their appearance. People opt for this surgery to change the way they look, based on their own ideals of beauty. While plastic surgery or reconstructive surgery involves correcting an abnormality resulting from a birth defect, accident or health condition. Often, reconstructive surgery addresses not only a deformed appearance, but also seeks to correct or improve some deficiency or abnormality in the function of the body part.
Blepharoplasty is plastic surgery to repair deformities, defects, and droopy eyelids. The procedure includes removing excess skin or fat to revamp the eye region of the face.
It is a cosmetic surgery in which the excess skin, muscle, and fat is removed to avoid droopy eyelids, puffiness, and sagging eyebrows. The whole process helps in improving the shape of the eyelids.
Breast augmentation is surgery to increase, adjust or enhance the breast size. The process usually followed is where implants (saline implants or silicone gel) or fat transfers are used under the chest muscles or breast tissue. The surgery is undertaken after mastectomy or to increase confidence.
This surgery is opted by those females who want to avoid discomforts like back pain and neck pain due to large breasts. The excess fat, skin, and tissue is removed from the breasts during the surgery.
Nose job which is also known as cosmetic rhinoplasty is a surgery to change the shape, size or angle of the nose. Either it is done to improve breathing or to enhance the appearance. The process includes removal of bone or cartilage against which tissues may be added.
Facelift surgery is a process in which the facial issues like sagging, double chin, wrinkles are corrected to give a fresh and young look.
This cosmetic surgery is undertaken to remove fat from body parts such as arms or neck, abdomen, hips, buttocks, and thighs. The suction process is done for aesthetic improvement and physical fitness.
Liposuction from thighs and buttocks is a cosmetic procedure which uses a suction technique to remove excess fats using cannulas (tubes). The cannulas are inserted through an incision made on the areas which haven’t responded to diet and exercise to make it look sleek.
This surgery is for males with gynecomastia or enlarged breasts caused due to overweight or hormonal imbalance. The surgeon will remove the excess glandular tissue and fat by making cuts to give a firmer and flatter shape to the chest. The nipples are also repositioned accordingly.
It is a procedure for reshaping the chin for aesthetic purposes or to balance the facial features. The same is done through an incision where the surgeon will remove or implant a part of the chin bone.
Ultrasound-Assisted Lipectomy (UAL ): It involves ultrasound energy for breaking the fat cells. This is done in order to suction them out before. The benefit of this technique is that it leads to less amount of blood loss along with decreased surgeon’s effort.
Suction Assisted Lipectomy(SAL): This traditional technique along with fine cannulas provides great results to the patient. It is regarded as the gold standard technique for performing liposuction.
People should have realistic expectations about the results of the procedure.
Tumescent Liposuction: The surgeon will inject a solution into the patient’s fatty areas before the fat is removed. The saline solution, epinephrine and a mild painkiller will contract the blood vessels. The solution removes the fat easily, reduces blood loss and eases the pain.
Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction: The ultrasonic energy is used to liquefy the fat and is then removed from the body.
Cleft lip and cleft palate are facial defects that occur in early pregnancy while the baby’s face is developing inside the womb. The lip usually forms between the fourth and seventh week of pregnancy. A cleft lip is a gap that occurs when body tissues and special cells of the baby’s face don’t join together properly.
The cleft can be small or partial or it can be complete which extends right to the nose. Furthermore, a cleft lip can be unilateral which means it occurs on either side of the lip, left or right side, or it can be bilateral i.e., on both sides. The separation can stretch further from the base of the nose to the bones of the upper jaw/upper gum.
On the other hand, the roof of the mouth starts developing between the sixth and ninth week of pregnancy. If the tissue forming the roof of the mouth does not join together properly, it results in a split or opening. The same is referred to as a cleft palate. In some cases, only the soft palate is affected in others, both the hard and soft palate are open.
One thing to be kept in mind is that, as the lip and roof of the mouth form separately, cleft lip can occur without cleft palate and vice versa.
According to researchers, the exact reason for many babies to be born with cleft lip and cleft palate is not known. However, it is also believed that in some cases genes and environmental factors affect the baby which causes the cleft. Along with that, this birth defect can also occur if the fetus is exposed to viruses or chemicals while developing in the womb.
Moreover, cleft lip and palate affects children of Latino, Asian or Native American descent. It is also the fourth most common birth defect in the U.S. As per research, one in 700 babies annually are born with cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
A cleft lip is usually identifiable during the mid-pregnancy anomaly scan. Cleft lip can vary in size, while it can be as small as a tiny notch or as large as a split that goes into the nose. There are chances that the cleft lip or cleft palate is not identified during the scan but can be later at birth. The defects are also picked up during the newborn physical examination done within 72 hours of giving birth.
Also known as submucous cleft palate, it is a cleft that occurs only in the muscles of the soft palate, underneath the mucous membrane, covering the roof of the mouth. Submucous cleft palate often goes unnoticed and is diagnosed later when signs show up. Some of which are:
Eating problems Feeding is one of the most common problems faced by children with cleft lip and cleft palate. As the roof of the mouth isn’t formed properly, the child may face problems sucking and swallowing. To combat this issue, there are specially designed baby bottles and nipples to help the baby swallow fluids that go down to the stomach instead of flowing back through the nose. Children with cleft palate can also wear man-made palate for eating food that provides nutrition for healthy development.
Ear infections/hearing loss Ear infections occur when one of the eustachian tubes becomes blocked or swollen, causing the fluid to build up in space behind the eardrum. Children with cleft palate are more prone to ear infections as eustachian tubes are small tubes that run from each ear to the back of the throat. The same should be taken care in order to avoid further complications like hearing loss. Special tubes are placed in the eardrums for fluid drainage to prevent ear infections.
Speech problems The sounds that form when we speak are due to muscle contractions. Children with cleft palate have abnormal speech or their voice sounds too nasal due to the opening in the roof of the mouth and lip which restricts muscle movement. Parents can opt for surgeries in some cases, and as for others, a special doctor known as a speech pathologist is consulted to resolve difficulties.
Dental Problems Children with cleft lip and palate are more prone to cavities, malformed, displaced or missing teeth. The salivary glands that excrete saliva that contains protective immune compounds and balances the acidity in the mouth are abnormal in such cases. Oral surgery can help solve this problem.
As a lot of medical problems are associated with cleft lip and palate, your child needs to be taken care of by several specialists. A team of doctors can well understand all the difficulties faced by the child and provide the right treatment. This list goes as follows:
As no exact reason for cleft lip and palate is known, it is a little hard to talk about how to prevent the same. Many parents are concerned about whether the next child will have the same condition. As per research, the chances of having another child with facial defects are few. However, it is best to take some preventive measures mentioned below:
Parents should consult a specialist who will consider a few factors like the type of cleft and the child’s overall health. The treatment should begin as soon as possible to avoid any hindrance in the child’s development. The first surgery is usually performed at 3-6 months and the correction for cleft palate before the child turns 18 months.
What needs to be understood is that, a small cleft can lead to bigger issues in the future. Parents are advised to approach a special team of doctors who can assess every aspect of the child’s health. Cleft lip and palate can lead to hearing loss, ear infections, eating problems, speech issues, and dental problems. You can consider talking to a social worker who will support you and the child through the whole situation and help you settle in society. Further surgeries can be undertaken when the child reaches adolescence as by then the facial structure develops properly.
Abdominoplasty, also known as Tummy Tuck, is a surgical process by which the extra skin around the area of the tummy or abdomen is removed and the wall muscles are also tightened. Many people suffer from excess skin in their abdomen area which cannot be reduced by following any diet or physical exercises.
The Tummy Tuck procedure is the last option available for those who have tried all their means in order to get a perfect shape tummy. Abdominoplasty is a solution to the problem for those women who have developed loose skin due to pregnancy. There are mainly two types of abdominoplasties, one is partial which only focuses on the region below the navel, while complete abdominoplasties are regarded as wide and more extensive.
The different types of abdominoplasties are-
The surgical procedure involves making incisions making two incisions. First incision is starting from hip to hip and over the pubic area. The other incision surrounds the skin in order to make the navel free. The surgeon then separates the skin from the walls of the abdomen so as to tighten the fascia and the muscles. Further, the sutures tighten the fascia wall. The liposuction technique can also be used to redefine the abdominal figure.
The surgical procedure involves making a little incision and the lower abdomen fat and skin are separated from the fascia muscle. The surgeon then stretches down the skin in order to remove the extra skin. Many times a section of the muscle fascia is also tightened. The liposuction technique is also used to outline the transition zone. In the end, the flap is stitched up in its place.
This abdominoplasty comprises of both extended abdominoplasty along with buttock lift. Belt Lipectomy is a surgical operation where the scar is done around the whole body. This procedure is apt for those patients who have lost excessive weight.
Abdominoplasty is often performed with other surgeries like breast reduction, liposuction, breast lift and sometimes also with hysterectomy. ‘Mommy makeover is the name used for performing different breast procedures along with abdominoplasty.
The results after the surgery are very satisfying. The healing process can take several months and the patient has to follow a strict diet exercise and diet regime. After a year’s time, the scars will be less visible and smoother. The patient is advised to quit smoking as it can delay the healing process.
Laser Abdominoplasty Surgery ( non-surgical method) is the procedure in which lasers are used to melt the extra sagging skin of the abdomen area. The non-surgical (non-invasive) method has many advantages over the surgical tummy tuck procedure. The advantages include no or maybe small scarring, less recovery time, less pain and affordability as compared to the surgical process of a tummy tuck. Another benefit is that the non-invasive method uses small lasers which can reach to every abdomen area while the large instruments in the tummy tuck (traditional process) cannot.
This surgery is performed to enhance the overall appearance of the loose sagging skin and also the stretched skin of the abdomen. This procedure opts for those men and women who are not suitable enough for going through full abdominoplasty surgery. This involves very less recovery time and hard exercises should be avoided
Butt, derived from the buttocks is a part of the body that can enhance the physical aspects of your appearance. Also known as Gluteal Implant or Gluteoplasty, buttock augmentation is a reconstructive surgical procedure that is done for reshaping the butt. With the help of a proper training program, the buttock area can be enlarged or reshaped. The two techniques are used for doing butt augmentation (butt enhancement cosmetic surgery). The very first technique adds volume to the buttocks, while the second technique Brazilian Butt Lift adds your own fat to improve the shape of the buttocks. From the two techniques, Brazilian Butt Lift surgery is the most sought-after technique
The butt lift surgery is the procedure to tighten the skin of the buttocks. This procedure is often confused with a Brazilian butt lift, but it is a different procedure altogether. In this, excess skin is removed and the surrounding tissue is repositioned to create a more pleasing body contour. Implants, liposuction and lifts are all used to sculpt the buttock region into a desired shape. In combination with a lift, some patients also desire an augmentation that utilizes implants.
The procedure is performed under general or local anesthesia and takes two to three hours to complete. The surgery starts by making an incision at the back part of the thigh or at the crease of the buttock. The incision is made in the crease of the buttock in such a way that the scars are less visible. The surgeon makes a big pocket so as to add the butt implants on the top of the muscle or below the gluteus Maximus muscle. The procedure is repeated again for the other buttock and all the incisions are thoroughly closed and checked for symmetry. To improve the shape of the buttocks, the Liposuction technique is also used.
Recovery of the buttock augmentation procedure, the patient can experience swelling and tightness for the starting two days. Although the swelling will completely disappear after one month. Buttock implants take several weeks time for full recovery and the patient can return back to its normal routine activities. Recovery is quite good in the case of buttock augmentation by inserting fat injections.