The surgeries for the throat include complex procedures like Laryngectomy (cancer of the larynx) and it also include an easy procedure of Tonsillectomy (tonsils) or Adenoidectomy ( removal of the adenoids by surgery). The ear surgeries are done to correct the problems associated with hearing. The surgeries of the nose are done to treat the sinus problems. The surgeries of neck and head are performed to remove a tumor or also construct the damaged area after injury or trauma. The problem of tumors (lumps) in the parotid can be largely seen in every age group. These tumor forms from an abnormal growth of the cells inside the gland. It has been examined that about 80% of the tumors are non-cancerous and are known as Benign Tumors. Although very rarely these tumors could be cancerous.
ENT Treatments in India are available for following conditions:
Inner Ear Disorders
Infection (such as acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, myringitis, or mastoiditis)
Blockage of the eustachian tube (which connects the middle ear and the back of the nose)
Injury (such as eardrum perforation, barotrauma, or objects in the ear)
The ENT surgeries are divided into three categories-
Block dissections of the neck is a surgical process. It is carried out to extract lymph nodes from the neck area that contain cancer cells. Whereas, for curing vertigo in Meniere disease, Endolymphatic sac shunt surgery is done. Advanced and cost-effective block dissections of the neck treatments are available at the best ENT hospitals worldwide.
A cochlear implant is a treatment for successfully curing the damaged inner ear. An electronic medical device is used in the process to cure the condition. The cost of cochlear implantation depends on the duration and extent of a patient’s hearing loss and also on how much the doctor charges.
Affecting mostly the adolescent boys, Angiofibroma is a benign nasal cavity tumor. Removal of large angiofibroma is a very common benign tumor that accounts for 0.5 percent of all head and neck tumors. Though the tumor is benign, it wears out the sinus, adjacent orbit or cranial vault.
FESS is an abbreviation for Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. The procedure is hailed as a modern approach to surgery done to treat sinuses. The treatment follows that the surgery focuses on the functioning of the sinuses. All this is achieved by drilling holes into the sinuses and eliminating lining tissues.
Laryngectomy is an important surgical procedure for ENT treatment. The treatment involves the eliminating of the larynx. This further includes separating airways from the mouth, nose and esophagus. The total cost depends on several factors. These factors include laboratory charges, total hospital costs, room charges, pharmacy and respiratory therapy.
Mastoidectomy is nothing but a surgical treatment done to diseased mastoid air cells. Mastoidectomy and Tympanoplasty treatments go hand in hand and are done to cure any defect in the tympanic membrane. Symptoms of Tympanoplasty include mouth dryness, dizziness, hearing loss and infection.
The treatment Micro Laryngeal Surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that is done to treat voice disorders, breathing difficulties and other problems affecting the larynx. Other voice related issues such as persistent cough, hoarseness of voice and others are also cured with microscopic laryngeal surgery.
Ossiculoplasty aims towards repairing, reconstruction and enhancing small bones in the middle ear that work as hearing aid. The ear surgery is suggested to remove and alleviate infections and diseases caused in the middle ear. After the surgery, a cotton pack is placed within the ear. Ear drops are also given post-surgery.
Hailed as ear pinning surgery, Otoplasty is a treatment which is carried out to correct the size and shape of the external ear or pinna. The process is suggested to correct the deformities and defects of the ear. It is also recommended in case of the absence of the external ear. The cost of this ear surgery lies between the US $1600 and $6000 as it varies from country to country.
Rhinoplasty is a treatment which is commonly known as a nose job or nose plastic surgery. The surgery proceeds by the surgeon creating incisions to easily access the bones and cartilages that support the nose. The exact cost of rhinoplasty depends upon the exact nature of the surgery, the complexity of the procedure and the hospital or clinic where you are getting the treatment done.
The treatment done to treat any deviated septum in the nose is called Septoplasty. The surgery aids in correcting any displacement of bone or cartilage that divides the nostrils. Symptoms of deviated septum include facial pain, nose bleeding, noisy breathing while sleeping and swelling.
The surgery done to remove tonsils is Tonsillectomy. This surgery is suggested when there is swelling to a grave extent or a sore throat because of the infection in tonsils. The surgery is important for curing breathing issues and other problems related to enlarged tonsils. The recovery period of Tonsillectomy usually lasts between 10 days and two weeks.
Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure done to create an opening in the neck area, straight into the trachea. The treatment includes inserting of a tube through the windpipe in order to open any restricted airways. This helps to enable breathing. The Tracheostomy procedure can be either permanent or temporary. Furthermore, the cost of tracheostomy varies from area to area.
Turbinoplasty treatment is done to enhance breathing drainage and sinus. Powered septoplasty with turbinoplasty aids in improving breathing by straightening the septum that controls breathing. Keep in mind that an infection caused due to crooked or deviated septum can be easily cured.
Tympanoplasty is an eardrum repair surgery. It is done to reconstruct perforated tympanic membrane or small bones in the middle ear. Common symptoms of tympanoplasty include abnormal scarring in the middle ear, recurrent perforation, hearing loss and echo-like noises in ears. There are two categories of Tympanoplasty – Type I and Type II. Type I does the restoration of a perforated eardrum whereas Type II is carried out for tympanic membrane perforations.
The surgical procedure is done to repair the defect of the nose that includes resizing or reshaping the nose. The goals of the surgery ar
The surgical procedure is done to correct the deformities and defects of the nasal septum. The examples of Septoplasty are
The surgery is done for those people who are having nasal valve collapse or narrow nasal valve. The most narrow area of the nose that is located around one centimeter in the nose is known as nasal valve. The nasal valve area is the same area just like the crease over the nostril. Some people have a narrow nasal valve area while in others the area collapses by itself when they start to breathe and blocks the airway.
These bones are made up of soft tissue covering which comes off the side walls in the nose. The nasal blockage can be caused due to the thick soft tissue covering the turbinate and also by the thick turbinate bone. A number ways can be performed to reduce the bone and soft tissue in the turbinates.
The surgery is performed on the basis of –
Nasal blockage is the result of nasal congestion in the different nasal passages which has been caused due to the swelling of the membranes that lines the nose. The process is also known as nasal obstruction, plugged nose, stuffy nose, nasal blockage and blocked nose. The causes of nasal blockage can be either mild or can be a life threatening condition. The blockage can hamper the hearing, speech development and ears. The severe blockage can disturb sleep and causes snoring.
Following are the reasons for opting nasal airway surgery –
The laser technique is the new and advanced way for treating the nasal blockage. The laser does not result in any scarring or injuries that is usually seen in prior nasal surgeries. This effective laser treatment has stopped the use of nasal sprays permanently. There is no need of using nasal strips either while sleeping or playing sports.
Both tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are surgically performed to eliminate adenoids and tonsils. The masses of immune cells that are found in the lymphoid tissue (lymph glands) are adenoids and tonsils. They are basically located in the mouth and at the back of the nasal passages. Oversized tonsils can cause chronic sore throat, dental malocclusion, bad breath, obstruction of the upper airway causing problem in swallowing and sleep apnea. On the other hand, oversized infected adenoids can cause ear infections or can also obstruct breathing.
Coblation is the word that is derived from controlled ablation or removal. The surgical procedure of coblation tonsillectomy is performed by using an ablation wand (pen-like device) and radio frequency radiation to remove tonsils either partially or completely. The procedure helps in removing the tonsils safely without damaging the surrounding tissues. The entire procedure takes about 30-45 minutes time and is done under general or local anesthesia.
The patients who are suffering from severe tonsillitis or from oversized tonsils, laser tonsillectomy technique is performed. The laser technique is highly advanced technique and is aimed at improving the patient’s condition by reducing the size of the tonsils. By using laser technique, the patients are not required to go for surgeries that involves incisions and cutting. The core element of the laser procedure is state of the art technology.
The technique is used to correct certain serious tonsil conditions. The conditions treated by using this technique are
The surgical procedure is performed for the removal of the neck lymph node groups for treating cancer that has spread from a major site to elsewhere in the region of head and neck. The removal of the number of lymph nodes and on the quantity of tissue depends upon the spread of the cancer.
The alternative names for neck dissection are Modified Radical Dissection, Lymph Node Removal- Neck. Selective Neck Dissection and Radical Neck Dissection. Lump in the neck is another problem that is caused by swelling in the neck due to enlarged lymph nodes.
There are different types of neck dissection
Very few lymph nodes are removed if the cancer hasn’t spread that much. The blood vessel, nerve and the muscle can also be saved.
The surgery of neck dissection is performed in two cases. First, when it is certain that lymph nodes are involved with cancer (therapeutic neck dissection). Second, when there are higher chances of lymph nodes involved depending upon the site and type of primary cancer (elective neck dissection) when no nodes are involved.
To fight injection, the white blood cells of the body are carried by the lymph system. The cancer cells present either in the throat or in mouth can go in the lymph fluid. The lymph nodes trap these cancer cells. In order to prevent the cancer from being spread in the different body parts, the removal of lymph nodes is crucial.
The procedure is recommended when –
The head and neck cancers that spread to neck lymph nodes
The surgical procedure is performed either in connection or in isolation with resection of the main lesion. The surgery takes place under local anesthesia. Along the crease of the skin in the neck, an incision is made. The vertical incision to collarbone is frequently required by modified and radical neck dissections along with the incision in the crease of the skin. The incisions help to recognize the neck structures and heals with minimal scarring. The underlying fat, a thin layer of muscle and beneath the skin, the dissection starts recognizing and also removes the envelope of tissue containing the nearby tissues and the lymph nodes. The surgeon only removes sternocleidomastoid muscle and it involves no long term neck weakness.
The cancers which arise either in the head or neck region and starts in the oral cavity pharynx, nasal cavity, lip and in the paranasal sinuses. About 90 % of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.
Some major neck cancer symptoms include-
This cancer starts in the immune system cells known as lymphocytes. It occurs when there is uncontrolled growth of the cells and multiplication. The white blood cells which travel throughout the body in a fluid (lymph) are known as Lymphocytes. These cells are transmitted by an association of vessels which makes lymphatic system a part of the immune system. B cells and T cells are the two types of Lymphocytes that are specifically designed to identify and destroy the abnormal cells and infections.
The nasal polyps are painless, soft and non-cancerous growths that lines either in the sinuses or in the nasal passages. It is caused by severe inflammation of recurring infection, immune disorders, asthma and drug sensitivity.
The development of mucus membranes creates a number of symptoms that include headaches, chronic sinus infection and sinus congestion. The problems due to nasal polyps are-
The bacteria of the mucus are the result of 2 processes –
The nasal polyps can be treated with the help of surgery, steroid treatments and nasal sprays. Endoscopic surgery can also treat the nasal polyp and the effect of the treatment lasts for about twelve months (before re-growth). The recovery period is 1-3 weeks. However in some cases, Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) may also be required.
The surgical procedure is performed to eliminate the swollen skin lining that is in the nasal sinuses. Infection and allergy are the probable causes of swollen skin lining. This condition poses difficulty in breathing through the nose.
The purpose of this operation is to remove the polyps from within the nose. There are no incisions outside as the surgery is performed through the nose. Two techniques are involved in this operation and the choice of technique depends upon the location of polyps in the nose. The technique of Intranasal polypectomy is performed by using small graspers when the polyp is visible and reaches from the front of the nose. The other technique used is endoscopic nasal polypectomy wherein small telescopes are used to get a clear view of the nose. This is done due to the small size of the polyps that are located in the sinuses or on the roof of the nose.
Due to frequent throat infections, the adenoids sometimes swell trying to keep the body healthy. Often the swelling gets better but there are cases where the adenoids get infected. It is considered very common in children. The swelling can be as large as the size of ping pong balls and can block airflow via the nasal passages.
The adenoids are a patch of tissue that is located on the roof of the mouth, just behind the nose. The adenoids aren’t as visible as the tonsils, but they are a savior without a cape. Along with the tonsils, they form the lymphatic system which keeps infections at bay. Together they work by trapping the germs that enter the body through the mouth and nose.
Adenoids tend to shrink in size from the age of 5 and by the teenage years, they seem to disappear completely.
There can be different reasons as to why your child has enlarged adenoids. Tonsils and adenoids come together as a team forming a defense wall against viruses and bacteria. One of the common causes of enlarged adenoids is frequent throat infections. Moreover, even when the adenoids defeat the infection they might stay enlarged. There are also cases wherein kids have enlarged adenoids at birth.
Enlarged adenoids cause trouble swallowing, breathing and block the eustachian tubes which can further cause ear infections.
An MRI scanner lets the doctor diagnose your body with the help of highly detailed images of nasal passages, sinuses, and adenoids. The images are created by the strong magnetic field and radio waves.
Septoplasty is performed to straighten the shape of the septum (cartilage) and bones. The septum (cartilage) is between the two nostrils. The purpose is to correct the deformities and defects of the cartilage (septum). The septum in adults is partly composed of bone and partly of cartilage.
The deviations of the septum can either due to an injury or can be present from the birth (congenital). In some people there are no symptoms due to deviated septa. Only the severe septa produces important symptoms that require surgical treatments. The surgical procedure of Septoplasty is performed along with a Rhinoplasty for cosmetic uses.
The surgical procedure is performed to ease the severe nasal congestion. The procedure can also be performed with Septoplasty. The procedure uses different strategies depending upon varied situations. The candidates for this procedure are those who are suffering from recurrent swelling of the adenoids and also nasal inflammation. Inferior turbinectomy may be helpful if there is a deviated nasal septum. The surgery provides reliefs from abnormal growths present in the nasal passages.
Turbinectomy can be ideal for those patients who are suffering from sleep apnea. The surgical procedure of turbinectomy makes it easier for the patients having a deep good sleep and can remain in that condition for long enough so as to feel refreshed after waking. The procedure can also minimize the problem of snoring.
Within the nose, there are supple tissue sponges that are known as Turbinates. In severe conditions of allergies, these turbinates enlarges and swells. These results in an inability of the patient to breathe through the nose. In such case, the turbinectomy surgery is recommended. The soft or supple tissue sponges are reduced in terms of size in turbinate reduction. In order to prevent bleeding, the under surface is cauterized. The surgeon also places soft sponge packings that can be removed after 24 hours after the procedure.
Laser Septoplasty has proved itself the best available treatment for deviated nasal septum for both minimal and moderate. It is relatively new and safe procedure. The causes of the deviated nasal septum include sleep apnea, cosmetic disfigurement and sinusitis. It has been seen that many people have a normal nasal septum that does not require the laser Septoplasty procedure. While in some, the deviated septum can affect the breathing habits of the people. The contact spots from septal spur has resulted into the problem of migraine headaches on the side wall of the nose.
The procedure is very less time consuming and is performed under general anesthesia with other nasal procedures. The laser surgery is very efficient and involves minimal bleeding. This comfortable laser Septoplasty procedure leaves no wound infections
The surgery involves the ailing sinus tissue removal so as to improve the natural drainage channels. It is done by creating a pathway to drain off the infected material through the sinus cavities. For better visualization and for avoiding the requirement of external incisions, the technique of endoscopy is used. The technique involves less bleeding, discomfort and pain. The recovery period is also faster after the sinus surgery.
The condition of sinusitis occurs when there is inflammation or infection of the mucous membrane of which lines the sinus cavities. The problem of swelling appears when there is an infection of the mucous membranes. The infections of fungi and bacteria cannot be drained properly. The problem of viral infection is the most common result of sinusitis. The conditions that can block the passages of the nasal are nasal allergies and results in sinusitis.
Chronic sinusitis and acute sinusitis are the two types of sinusitis. A person can suffer from chronic sinusitis when in a year there are more than 3 sinus infections that required the intake of antibiotics. The other condition is when the person has the sinus infection from more than eight weeks and the intake of antibiotics was not effective.
The symptoms of acute sinusitis is temporary and generally lasts for about thirty days. As compared to the symptoms of chronic sinusitis, the symptoms of acute sinusitis are more painful and severe.
In this the symptoms happen repeatedly or stays for a very long period. People suffering from chronic sinusitis has severe recurring attacks which very annoying and painful.
The doctor will examine you for sinusitis by:
Standard X-rays of the sinuses and Nasal endoscopy are not very responsive at detecting sinusitis.
Other tests for chronic or recurrent sinusitis may include:
The prime objective of sinusitis treatment is reduction of swelling, eradication of infection, draining of the sinuses, and to make sure that the sinuses remain open. It is performed endoscopically using a fiber optic nasopharyngoscope.
Traditional Surgery : This sinus surgery procedure is performed when there is a sinusitis complications. The complications can occur due to facial bone infection, growth of pus and brain abscess. The surgeon then creates an opening inside the sinus either through the facial skin or in the mouth.
Endoscopic (Sinoscopy) Surgery : The surgery is performed for severe or difficult to treat sinus problems. & for the removal of little amounts of bone or nasal polyps that is obstructing the opening of the sinus. The purpose of this surgery is to increase the quantity of the air that flows from the sinuses and it allows to drain off the mucus from the nose properly. A light endoscope tool is used by the doctor to remove the materials that are blocking the sinuses. The surgery can relief from-
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is the primary approach used today for the surgical treatment of chronic sinusitis. In this minimally invasive technique sinus air cells and sinus ostia are opened under direct visualization. The goal of this procedure is to restore sinus ventilation and normal function. The procedure can be performed under general or local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. It leaves less or no scars and patient go home from hospital the same day. This type of surgery usually takes about a week to make a full recovery.
A recent alternative to functional endoscopic sinus surgery is balloon sinuplasty. Sinus balloon surgery is a less invasive technique where no cutting of tissue or nasal bone is involved. It is a surgical endoscopic procedure that is used to treat blocked sinuses. The balloon sinus device is used to treat the patients having chronic sinus infections. The balloon device is disposable and is attached with a rod. Through the nasal cavity and into the sinuses, the device is inserted. It is made to expand and is then used to remodel the sinus opening.
The location of maxillary sinuses is behind the cheekbones. Adults usually suffer from these sinuses that causes infection. The osteomeatal complex is the area beneath the corners of the eyes where the maxillary sinuses drain. The blockage happens as the sinuses do not drain properly that ultimately leads to infection. Maxillary Antrostomy is the procedure by which the blocked sinus opening can be cleared. Uncinectomy is the procedure used for clearing the complex of osteomeatal. Both of these procedures are performed together.
The surgical procedure of nasal surgery is performed to repair the nasal cavity’s abnormal structures. The nasal cavity is made up of many bones, cartilage and tissues. This nasal cavity enlarges from the nostrils to reach the top of the nose. The surgery can help in restoring the function and airflow of a diseased nasal cavity.
Laser sinus surgery is an advanced treatment and offers a proper surgical view of the sinus area along with the nasal passages. It offers treatments for different conditions such as nasal polyps, loss of smell, congestion and sinus pain, sinus infections, chronic sinus headaches, nasal obstruction, facial pressure, nasal allergies and deviated septum.